Frank demming moses



(No Model.)

P. n. MOSES. APPARATUS POR THE MANUPAGTURB DI GAS.

Patented sefpt. s. 18789.

`Illlllllllllllllmlllillmnmml 4 UNITED STATES FRANK DEMMING Mesas, or zANEsvnaE, eine APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE (JF GASA.

X if

specific-Arron 'forming pm of Letters Patent No.-,41o,174, dated september a, 1e`e'e.` Application filed May 15, 1889. Serial No. 816,812. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern:

V Beit known that I, FRANK DEMMING Moens', a citizen of the UnitedI States, residingv at Zanesville, in the county of Muskingum and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inv Apparatus for ,the

Manufacture of Gas; and I do hereby declare the following tobe a,full, clear, and exact de` seription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art'to which it apperf tains to make and use the same.

' The object of the invention is to provide a gas apparatus adapted to economically manufacture gas from soft or bituminouscoal, and

particularly from slack, eu1m,-or breeze, with" the aid of air and steam. To this end a-speeiaifnnm andarrangeirient off/hat, for con- 4 venience, may be styled l e retom,. 0.m

chamber has been devised in combination with a generator-chamber, the construction being such that gases from the gas-generator may be compelled to pass through` the body `of coal inthe retort.

Heretofore vertical retortchambers have been located above a fuel or steam decomposing chamber or generator; but such arrangement is to some extent defective in operation, for the reason that the charge of soft coal when partially fused and expanded by heat becomes packed and caked in the retort-cha1n ber, requiring considerable` mechanical force to break it up so that it can be forced down into the generator; and, further, the gases ascending through thismass of caked coal from the generator form for themselves irregular and fortuitous paths inconsistent with uniform and satisfactory results.` `Horizontal retorts have also been employed in gas-making furnaces in combination with generatingchambers. l nese afford more room for the expansion of the hot and semi-fused `mass of coal; but they do not provide for thepassage of ygases through the coal, and they require an unnecessary amount of laborto break up the caked coal and torce lit into the generator. My invention consists in a construction and arrangement of a fuel magazine or receptacle which ina-y be called a coking-chamber, that permits its contents to freely expand, and which also provides for passinghot gases from .the generator transversely throughthe bustion-ehamber 13. This damper also sei-ves coal in said chamber, and also provides fo`r"an p p easy and convenient transfer of the coal to" the,` `I generator, the paekingof the coking-coali v the coking-c'hamber being avoided by its free;` dom to expand upwardly and by the dividing A elect of numerous transverse 'gas-currents. l

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lj is" a vertical section of the generator and cokiy chamber, and Fig. 2'is a' view looking the outer end of the chamber. l x I indicates the generatonmade of bi-iek`,`inclosed by metal or` constructed in any suit` f v able manner and provided with adoor 2Qand`i` grate 3, and having inthe ash-pit anai'r-inlet` 4, a steam-inlet 5, and a gas-outlet 6.` Inthe` upper part of the generator is a steanrinlet 7`.` v The charging-hole 8` is sealed in any usual l manner. "Communicating withthe genratob is an extension 9, styled, for eonveniencefa ceiling-chamber,into which fresh coal is"` charged through a door 10,.tha t can be closed j; gas-tight when desired. This extension may J be made about three feet wide `by two and ai? half feetin depth, and the generator about four feet in diameter, and each about tenzfeet in length, though these dimensions may"`be varied. The coking-chamber is provided,

preferably below its `central plane, witha periti 8o forated diaphragm lil dividing its interiorinto a coal-chamber l2 and a combustion-chamber 13. The latter communicates with the generlator by means of an annular fiuc 14, having" openings lointe the same. f t

16 indicates v an airinlet; 17, passages 85 throughthe diaphragm; 1S, a gas-outlet connecting through a water-seal `with a scrubber and holde1;'l.l,an outlet for waste or pro? ducer gas, which'may `be made to communist cate with a gas-holder, and which is provided with a cover that can be made gas-tight when necessary. t i v 2O indicates a modilication of the retort in respect to the gals-outlet, and 2l a damper? which may be used in connection therewith;

22 is a damper or cut-off which serves" to prevent from the generator passingfdi-` rcctly into the retort and compelthem to pass` into the annular ilue, and thence into the com# to prevent the fresh coal from sliding or rolling down into the generator, part-lcularlywhen wie loo

the retort is much inclined. The inclination illustrated of about one foot in three is a very suitable one.

The construction described is in operation not inconsistent with the use or" regeneratprs,

which might conveniently be arranged tosupport the retort, though their use is not essen-r tial to my improvement, and the retort can be supported upon masonry of suitable charlo actor.

v2o inlet 16.l The hot gases pass through the perforated diaphragm and'out ot the exit 19. Fresh coal may be charged into the retort either beforc'or after the above-described step. If charged previously, then the products of combustion which pass through 17 17 and through the coal are partly decomposed, and the carbonio acid is converted into carbonio oxide and somewhat enriched by the coal gases, particularly it the air- 3o supply in chamber 13 does not exceed the amount required to convert the producergas into carbonio `acid land vapor of water.l lvhen the coke in the vgener-atm' has been rendered incandescent, the air-supply 3 5 at il is cut oil", and steam is admitted through 5 and passedup through ,theV hot coal of the` generator, which decomposes it, producing waterpas. This gas passes .into the lower chamber oi' the retort and through the per- Ao forated diaphragm. The air-supplyoto the l lower chamber having` been cut oit, the ou'tlet 19 closed, and the gas-outlet 18 opened, the water-gas is passed therethrough to its holder. lf the retort be chargcdowith fresh coal after the air-blast .below the generatorgrate is cut oil and betere thc Waterras 1s passed through the retort, 1t serves to enrich the latter, air of course being excluded at every point. lf the producer-gas is burned 5o in the retort and thecarbonuf.. acid thus produced not rcconverted into carbonio oxide, as set forth above, the products -arc waste gases, and may be discharged into the open air or used to heat rcgencrators in the usual Way. Otherwise they may be conducted to boiler or other furnaees'and burned while hot. Preferably theiresh coal is charged at a time whcniitwill operate to enrich the water-gas rather than the producer-gas.

5o' The use of the. diaphragm to support the fresh coal and the passing,r of gases through the perforations 17 is an important'feature, By this construction the gas is divided and made to pass through the coal in numerous i5 small currents, and this has the citecty to thoroughlydistill or expel the coal-gas, and

also to perforate or cut the cokedcoul in the 1 line of each gas-passage 17. The contents of xthe retort when coked are therefore transversely honeycombed by the action ofthe 7o asce, and are veryreadilybroken up when subsequently the damper or eut-off Y22 is raised and the coke is pushed down the inclined diaphragm into the generator, the rei tort-door having been opened for the purpose. 7 5

The passages 17 are preferably constructed at the upper ends so that `fine coal may not fall through them in any considerable quantity, and they are made Wider at the bottom to facilitate the entrance of gases. 8o

Lt desired, the damper 21 may be partially or Wholly opened and a part of the producergas passed therethrough and outfat 20, said s outlet being connected with -a gas-holder in anyl usual way. It is preferred, however, al- S5 ways to compel a considerable portion of the gases to pass transversely through the diaphragm and the coal resting thereon, and 'the gas may be taken out either at 18 or 20,iivaste or producer gas being taken out at 19. lf desired, at suitable times steam can be admitu ted at 7 and passed down through the incandescent coke, and the water-gas thus produced can be taken out at 6, which may be found useful occasionally to avoid 'quench- 95 ing' the base of the re by the too'continuous' introduction of steam at that point. f

The use of the above-described apparatus,

Awhich may be varied as stated, is not inconsistent with the employment of two beds of incandescent fuel through which steam may be passedrinrrsuccession,nor with the use of oil as an enriching agent, nor with other Wellknown features of gas-making; but these are not of my invention, and are not essential to the present improvement.

Having thus described my invention, What l desire to secure by Letters Patent is-Q l. ln a gas-making apparatus, the combinat-ion of the generator provided with air no and steam pipes, the inclined coking-cham-lt ber connected to and communicating with the generator and provided/with -a perfor i rated diaphragm, a conduit communicatingi with the generator-chamber and with a space 1 15 below the said diaphragmand adapted to conduct products of combustion from the generator tothe said spaceand a cut-oit or damper to preventdirect communication from the generator to the upper part of the retort, 12o substantially as set forth.

2. In a gas-making apparatus, the combination of the generator provided with air and steam pipes, the inclined coking-chamber connected to and communicating with 125 the generator and provided with' a perfof rated diaphragm, a conduit communicating with the generator-chamber and with aspacc below the ysaid diaphragm and adapted to conduct products of combustion from the -x3o generator to the said space, a cut-oit' or damper to prevent direct communication lfrom the lOO generator to the upner gort of the'retort; end an' air-inlet to the retort,substantially as set forth. Y

` l 3. In n gas-making" apparatusfhmcodbination of the generator providednwithwir and steam pipes, the inclineducojng-chamyber connected to and commimicatng with the generator and provided with a perforated diaphragm, a conduit communicating with the gencrator-ch'mber and with a, space r below the retort-dinphrdgm and adopted to..

conduct products of combustion from the 'generator to the said space, aout-off or domper to preventdireet communication from the generator to the upper part of the retort, an air-inlet to the' retort, and a damper or cut-off inthe diaphragm, substantially as set'forth.

4. In a gas-making apparatus,v the combination of 'the generator provided with air and steam pipes, the inclined @cking-chamber connected to and communicating with the generator and provided with a perfo. rated diaphragm, a conduit communicating with the generator-chamber and with espace `below the retort-diaphragm and adapted to conduct products of Acombustion fromthe XVitnesses:

WILLIAM W. Pos'r, ALBERT E. BOONE.

FRANK DEMMING M'osEs. 

